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Although the word trinity can not be found in the Bible, the concept that makes up the Trinity is. In a nutshell, the Trinity is not as much defined as it is derived from multiple passages in the Bible. I'm going to give you the simple reason as to why I believe in the Trinity.
When I was a Mormon I thought the Trinity was a ridiculous idea, mainly because I could not comprehend it. When someone says that you have 3 people and one God it does not make sense. Where else is there anything in our entire universe that each part can claim to be the whole, yet separate?
I will be the first to admit that I've heard a lot of weak answers which try to explain the trinity. Here are a few:
The Sun is a trinity. It is made up of Light, Heat & Gas. Water is a trinity because it has three different states solid, liquid and gas. An egg is a trinity, because it has the shell, white and yolk. People are a trinity, since we have a mind, spirit and body.
Although the people who provide these answers are well meaning, I think every example falls short of God and does not adequately express God's true nature.
The Trinity of God is made up of three distinct beings, yet one God. This is different than saying, there is one God who throughout history has shown himself in three different ways, that is Modalism. The trinity has three beings, Father, Son and Holy Ghost which are individually and collectively one God. This definition, although it seems somewhat similar to Mormonism, which is there are three people who make up one Godhead, the LDS church actually teaches polytheism, which is the belief that multiple gods exist.
Here are the pieces from the Bible on how the trinity is derived:
The Bible clearly teaches there is only one God in existence. (Deut.4:35, 6:4, 32:39; 2 Sam. 7:22; 1 Chronicles 17:20; Psalms 83:18, 86:10; Isaiah 44:6, Isaiah 44:8, Isaiah 45:5-6, Numbers 23:19, Isaiah. 43:10-11, Isaiah 45:21, Isaiah 46:9, Isaiah 42:8)
This one God is all powerful (omnipotent, Jer. 32:17,27), all knowing (omniscient 1 John 3:20) and everywhere at once (omnipresent Deut. 4:39; Psalms 139:8, Proverbs 15:3, Isaiah 66:1, Jeremiah 23:24, Acts 17:27;), Eternal, (Isaiah 57:15). Think about this, how many all powerful Gods can be in existence at one time?
The Bible refers to the Father as God, Christ as God and the Holy Ghost as God.
Those who have an issue with the Trinity really have an issue with the Bible. If the Bible clearly teaches there is only one God in existence, He is all powerful and refers to the different persons of the Trinity each as God, we're left with one explanation, which is the Trinity.